There are a number of groups working on mRNAs for the next generation vaccines full well aware that, for those vaccines to be more long-lasting, breakthroughs need to be made.

Barton Haynes

Barton Ford Haynes is an American physician and immunologist internationally recognized for work in T-cell immunology, retrovirology and HIV vaccine development. Haynes is a Frederic M. Hanes Professor of Medicine and Immunology at Duke University Medical Center. He is the director of the Duke Human Vaccine Institute and the Duke Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery (CHAVI-ID), which was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) in 2012. In addition, Haynes directs the B-cell Lineage Envelope Design Study, the Centralized Envelope Phase I Study, and the Role of IgA in HIV-1 Protection Study as part of the Collaboration for AIDS Vaccine Discovery (CAVD), which was funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in 2006.Haynes was the director of the Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI), which was funded by the NIAID from 2005 to 2011 to overcome obstacles to HIV vaccine development. The "big science" approach of the CHAVI grant enabled the following scientific discoveries by the CHAVI team: 1) the delineation of HIV-1 transmitted/founder viruses that are responsible for the transmission of HIV/AIDS; 2) the discovery of host tolerance mechanisms that limit the induction of broad neutralizing antibodies in HIV-1 infection; 3) the fine mapping and delineation of the immunological events that transpire during the earliest days of HIV-1 infection; 4) the discovery of new genes and gene mutations/duplications that contribute to HIV-1 control and progression; 5) the design of mosaic T cell and B cell Env vaccine candidates to overcome HIV diversity; 6) the discovery of the immune correlates of risk of infection in the RV144 trial; 7) the isolation of rare broad neutralizing HIV antibodies and their ancestor

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